Directional capacitive proximity sensor with bootstrapping

ABSTRACT

A directional capacitive proximity sensor circuit capable of providing directional capacitive proximity sensing includes one or more guard electrodes, a first sensor, and a second sensor. The directional capacitive proximity sensor is installed in a device such that the first sensor is positioned near a first component of the device, and the second sensor is positioned near a second component of the device. The first and second sensors measure a capacitance to detect proximity of a user relative to the respective sensor, wherein the detected proximity is interpreted to determine a direction in which the user proximity is detected relative to the directional capacitive proximity sensor circuit. The guard electrode is provided to mitigate stray capacitance to reduce error in the capacitance measurements obtained by the first and second sensors.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to proximity-sensing circuitry and, more particularly, to proximity-sensing circuitry implementing a capacitive sensor.

BACKGROUND

In various technological applications, it is oftentimes advantageous to sense the proximity of an object relative to a device. For example, in mobile phone applications implementing a touch screen display, it may be advantageous to detect the proximity of a user's head to the display, such as when the user is participating in a phone call, so that the display panel may be disabled and battery consumption thereby reduced.

One such solution for sensing the proximity of objects involves the use of an optical sensor. However, optical sensors tend to be cost-prohibitive and may be difficult to incorporate in various devices. Another solution for sensing proximity of an object involves the use of a capacitive sensor. However, conventional capacitive proximity-sensing technology is unsophisticated as it is unable to distinguish proximity of an object around (i.e., not directly above) the sensor from proximity of an object above the sensor. For example, in applications in which a mobile phone implements a touch screen display, conventional capacitive proximity-sensing circuitry confuses a user touching the display screen of the mobile phone (in a location near the sensor) with the user holding the phone to his head. As such, conventional capacitive proximity-sensing technology has not been satisfactory for all conditions of use.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides a directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit comprising: one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed first capacitance, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry includes a first capacitive sensor coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; and second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed second capacitance, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry includes a second capacitive sensor coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes.

Another embodiment provides a directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit comprising: one or more guard electrodes; a first sensor coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; a second sensor coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to the first sensor, the first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense user proximity with respect to the first sensor and to produce a first capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed user proximity with respect to the first sensor; and second capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to the second sensor, the second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense user proximity with respect to the second sensor and to produce a second capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed user proximity with respect to the second sensor.

In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure provides an integrated circuit operable to detect a general direction of user proximity with respect to the integrated circuit, the integrated circuit comprising: a first switched capacitive integrator circuit including a first sensor plate, the first switched capacitive integrator circuit operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first output signal in response to the sensed first capacitance; a second switched capacitive integrator circuit including a second sensor plate located adjacent the first sensor plate, the second switched capacitive integrator circuit operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second output signal in response to the sensed second capacitance; one or more capacitive plates, wherein at least one of the one or more capacitive plates has a first section coupled to the first sensor plate, and at least one of the one or more capacitive plates has a second section coupled to the second sensor plate; and output circuitry operable to receive the first output signal and second output signal, and to produce a third output signal operable to indicate detection of the user proximity with respect to at least one of the first sensor plate or the second sensor plate.

The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the disclosure, rather than limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying figures not necessarily drawn to scale, in which like numbers indicate similar parts, and in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an example embodiment of the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor;

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an example circuit and corresponding timing diagram, respectively, for an example embodiment of the disclosed capacitive proximity sensor circuitry;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of processing circuitry implemented to evaluate the first and second output signals produced by the circuit illustrated in FIG. 2A; and

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate various examples of operation of an embodiment in which the directional capacitive proximity sensor of FIGS. 1A and 1B is incorporated in a mobile phone device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

This application incorporates by reference for all purposes U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/539,704, entitled “Capacitive Proximity Sensor with Enabled Touch Detection,” filed Jul. 2, 2012.

The present disclosure provides a capacitive proximity sensor circuit (otherwise referred to herein as a directional capacitive proximity sensor) capable of providing directional capacitive proximity sensing. The directional capacitive proximity sensor is generally described in various embodiments in which the directional capacitive proximity sensor is installed in a mobile phone device, wherein advantages of the directional proximity sensing may include distinguishing proximity of a user near the sensor (e.g., the user touching the phone display screen) from proximity of a user directly above the sensor (e.g., holding the phone to the user's head). It should be appreciated that the directional capacitive proximity sensor disclosed herein may be applied to other devices such as, for example, GPS devices, tablet computers, mobile media players, remote controls, and various other devices, and may provide directional proximity sensing for reasons other than those discussed herein.

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate an example embodiment of the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor 100, wherein the sensor 100 is shown in FIG. 1A from a front view and in FIG. 1B from a side view along line A-A of FIG. 1A. The sensor 100 includes a guard electrode 110, a first sensor 120 disposed on a first section 125 of the guard electrode 110, and a second sensor 130 disposed on a second section 135 of the guard electrode 110 adjacent the first section 125. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the first and second sensors 120 and 130 are disposed on a same side of the guard electrode 110. In general, the first and second sensors 120 and 130 are each designed to measure a capacitance to detect proximity of a user relative to the respective sensor. The guard electrode 110 is provided to mitigate stray capacitance to reduce error in the capacitance measurements obtained by the first and second sensors 120 and 130. In some embodiments, this may be achieved by a “bootstrapping” technique wherein the guard electrode 110 is controlled with a low impedance output applied to a known voltage (or known voltage waveform), thereby shielding the first and second sensors 120 and 130 from interfering signals and reducing effect of the guard electrode 110 on the sensors. Although the guard electrode 110 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B is shown as a single structure, in some embodiments, the two sections 125 and 135 of the guard electrode 110 may be separated to form two separate, identical guard electrodes, which are electrically coupled to each other, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate an example circuit diagram 200 and corresponding timing diagram 250, respectively, for an example embodiment of the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor 100. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A, the two sections 125 and 135 of the guard electrode 110 are shown as two separate structures (electrically coupled to each other) in order to more clearly illustrate operation of the first and second sensors 120 and 130 with respect to the guard electrode 110 and the circuitry coupled thereto. However, as discussed above, the guard electrode 110 may be formed as a single structure integrating the first and second sections 125 and 135, or may be comprised of two separate, identical guard electrodes. Therefore, unless the context indicates otherwise, the circuit 200 and timing diagram 250 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B are generally described herein with respect to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, but may also be applied to embodiments wherein the first and second sections 125 and 135 of the guard electrode 110 are separated to form two separate, identical guard electrodes.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the guard electrode 110 (125) is coupled to a first voltage VOL1 via switch 202, and is coupled to a second voltage VOL2 via switch 204. Guard electrode 110 (135) is coupled to the first voltage VOL1 via switch 203, and is coupled to the second voltage VOL2 via switch 205. The first sensor 120 is coupled to the second voltage VOL2 via switch 206, and the second sensor 130 is coupled to the second voltage VOL2 via switch 207. The circuit 200 further includes switch 208 operable to couple the first sensor 120 to a first inverting amplifier 210 at a first inverting input node 212, and switch 214 operable to couple the second sensor 130 to a second inverting amplifier 216 at a second inverting input node 218. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A, the first and second sensors 120 and 130 operate independent of each other. In FIG. 2A, switches 202-205 are coupled to the guard electrode 110 (125 and 135), however, it should be appreciated that, in some embodiments, a single set of switches (e.g., switches 202 and 204) may be used.

Each of the inverting amplifiers 210 and 216 receive the first voltage VOL1 as a reference voltage at non-inverting inputs 220 and 222, respectively, and each include a feedback loop coupled between the amplifier output and the respective first and second inverting input nodes 212 and 218. As explained in greater detail below, the first inverting amplifier 210 produces a first output signal 231 indicative of a capacitance measured by the first sensor 120, and the second inverting amplifier 216 produces a second output signal 232 indicative of a capacitance measured by the second sensor 130. Each feedback loop comprises a feedback switch 224/226 coupled in parallel with a feedback capacitor Cf, wherein the value of the feedback capacitor Cf inversely affects the magnitude of a voltage swing of the respective output signal 231/232 in a negative direction. In some embodiments, the feedback capacitor Cf may vary from 1 pF to 100 pF depending upon system requirements; however, it should be understood that one skilled in the art may choose a feedback capacitor having a particular value to produce a desired output signal voltage swing magnitude for a given charge on the feedback capacitor.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the circuitry coupled to the first sensor 120 is substantially identical to the circuitry coupled to the second sensor 130. Thus, the respective first and second output signals 231 and 232 are produced in substantially the same manner. As such, the circuit 200 and timing diagram 250 are generally discussed herein with respect to a single sensor (i.e., the first sensor 120 or the second sensor 130) and the output signal (i.e., first output signal 231 or second output signal 232) produced by the inverting amplifier corresponding to the respective sensor (i.e., first inverting amplifier 210 or second inverting amplifier 216). Thus, it should be understood that the timing diagram 250 illustrated in FIG. 2B, and the operation of the embodiments as described herein, may be applied to the first sensor 120 and the corresponding circuitry producing the first output signal 231, as well as to the second sensor 130 and the corresponding circuitry producing the second output signal 232.

The circuit 200 incorporates a bootstrapping technique wherein the guard electrode 110 forms a capacitor with the adjacent sensor 120/130 in order to isolate the sensor 120/130 from surrounding conductive materials (such as other circuitry on the PCB near the sensor), thereby limiting the sensor 120/130 to detecting a capacitance from a location substantially above the sensor 120/130. As shown in FIG. 2A and further described below, the bootstrapping technique is provided by controlling the guard electrode 110 with known voltages VOL1 and VOL2 during a two-phase operation of the circuit 200. Accordingly, stray capacitance is mitigated and resulting errors in the capacitance measurements obtained by the sensor 120/130 are reduced.

To illustrate operation of the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor 100, FIGS. 2A and 2B present an example embodiment in which the circuit 200 detects proximity of a user's finger 230 using a two-phase operation, wherein a first group of switches (switches 204, 205, 206, 207, 224 and 226 generally identified in FIG. 2A as Switch A and referred to herein as Switches A) and a second group of switches (switches 202, 203, 208 and 214 generally identified in FIG. 2A as Switch B and referred to herein as Switches B) are operated in alternating fashion. As the user's finger 230 approaches the first or second sensor 120 or 130 (i.e., interferes with a fringe electric field of the sensor), the finger 230 acts as a virtual ground and forms a virtual capacitance C1 between the finger 230 and respective sensor 120/130. The virtual capacitance C1 is inversely proportional to the distance between the finger 230 and the respective sensor 120/130 and, in some embodiments, may range from 10 fF to 10 pF depending upon the size of the sensor 120/130. Thus, the closer the finger 230 is to the sensor 120/130, the greater the virtual capacitance C1. As the circuit 200 alternates between the first and second phases, the virtual capacitance C1 is transferred to the feedback capacitor Cf, as explained in greater detail below. The charge on the feedback capacitor Cf (i.e., the virtual capacitance C1 transferred at the second phase) affects the magnitude of the voltage swing occurring on the respective output signal 231/232. Thus, the magnitude of the voltage swing occurring on the output signal 231/232 may be measured to detect proximity of the finger 230.

The example timing diagram 250 in FIG. 2B illustrates the two-phase operation of the corresponding circuit 200 illustrated in FIG. 2A for a duration of three cycles. The timing diagram 250 includes a sensor waveform 252 corresponding to either the first sensor 120 or the second sensor 130, a guard electrode waveform 254 corresponding to the guard electrode 110, and three output signal waveforms 256, 257 and 258 each corresponding to either the first output signal 231 or the second output signal 232 generated for one of three conditions. The first output signal waveform 256 corresponds to an output signal 231/232 generated when the finger 230 is not present, the second output signal waveform 257 corresponds to an output signal 231/232 generated when the finger 230 is slightly detected, and the third output signal waveform 258 corresponds to an output signal 231/232 generated when the finger 230 is strongly detected.

During the first phase, Switches B are opened and Switches A are closed. When Switches B are opened, the sensor 120/130 is disconnected from the respective amplifier 210/216 and feedback capacitor Cf, and the guard electrode 110 is disconnected from VOL1. When Switches A are closed, VOL2 is applied to the sensor 120/130 and to the guard electrode 110. VOL2 biases the sensor 120/130 to charge the virtual capacitor C1 when the finger 230 is within the fringe electric field of the sensor 120/130. Additionally, the feedback capacitor Cf is shunted by the respective feedback switch 224/226 causing the feedback capacitor Cf to discharge (i.e., reset) as the amplifier 210/216 is reset. Thus, if a finger 230 was detected during the previous cycle, the output signal 231/232 returns to VOL1 (the voltage at the non-inverting input 220/222 of the amplifier 210/216), as shown during phase one of the second and third cycles of output signal waveforms 257 and 258 in FIG. 2B. Otherwise, the output signal 231/232 remains unchanged as shown by output signal waveform 256.

During the second phase, Switches A are opened and Switches B are closed. When Switches A are opened, the sensor 120/130 and guard electrode 110 are disconnected from VOL2, and the shunt provided by switch 224/226 is removed. When Switches B are closed, the charge from the virtual capacitor C1 (if any) is transferred to the feedback capacitor Cf, and VOL1 is applied to the guard electrode 110. As the charge dissipates from the virtual capacitor C1, the charge at the sensor 120/130 approaches VOL1, as shown by the sensor waveform 252 in FIG. 2B. The respective first and second inverting amplifiers 210 and 216 receive the charges on the respective feedback capacitors Cf, and operate as integrators to generate the respective first and second output signals 231 and 232.

As mentioned above, the charge on the feedback capacitor Cf affects the magnitude of the voltage swing on the respective output signal 231/232. If no finger 230 is detected, there is no charge transferred from the virtual capacitor C1 to the feedback capacitor Cf, and there is no change to the output signal 231/232, as shown by the output signal waveform 256. If the finger 230 is slightly detected, a smaller charge is transferred from the virtual capacitor C1 to the feedback capacitor Cf, and a lesser voltage swing ΔVa is produced on the output signal 231/232, as shown by the output signal waveform 257. If the finger 230 is strongly detected, a larger charge is transferred from the virtual capacitor C1 to the feedback capacitor Cf, and a greater voltage swing ΔVb is produced on the output signal 231/232, as shown by the output signal waveform 258. For example, in one embodiment, VOL1=1.65V, VOL2=3.3V, ΔVa=10 mV and ΔVb=50 mV.

In accordance with the foregoing, the respective first and second output signals 231 and 232 may be sampled during the second phase to determine proximity detection of the finger 230 by the respective first and second sensors 120 and 130. In some embodiments, processing circuitry may be implemented to evaluate the respective first and second output signals 231 and 232. An example of such an embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 3, wherein processing circuitry 310 such as, for example, an analog-to-digital converter, receives, at a first input 312, the first output signal 231 from the first amplifier 210 and receives, at a second input 314, the second output signal 232 from the second amplifier 216, and produces an output signal 316. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the processing circuitry 310 may evaluate the magnitude of the respective first and second output signals 231 and 232 to determine proximity detection of the finger 230 by one, both, or neither of the respective first and second sensors 120 and 130. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry 310 may evaluate whether a stronger proximity was detected by a particular one of the sensors. For example, in accordance with this embodiment, the output signal 316 may indicate whether or not the first sensor 120 detected a greater proximity than the second sensor 130. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry output signal 316 may be utilized by additional circuitry (not shown) to perform various operations in response to the detected user proximity. Examples of such operations are described below with respect to FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C.

FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate various examples of operation of an embodiment in which the directional capacitive proximity sensor 100 is incorporated in a mobile phone device 400 having a touch screen 410 disposed on the front surface of the phone 400. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C, the sensor 100 is located between the touch screen 410 and the top surface 402 of the phone 400, and is positioned along a plane substantially parallel to the touch screen 410 such that the second sensor 130 is located nearer the touch screen 410 than the first sensor 120. Readings are taken from each of the first sensor 120 and the second sensor 130 to detect proximity of an object relative to the respective first and second sensors 120 and 130. The positioning of the first sensor 120 towards the top surface 402 of the phone 400 enhances the first sensor's 120 capability to detect user proximity generally located above the sensor 100 (e.g., towards the top surface 402 of the phone 400). The positioning of the second sensor 130 towards the touch screen 410 enhances the second sensor's 130 capability to detect user proximity generally located below the directional proximity sensor 100 (e.g., towards the touch screen 410). In some embodiments, as described with respect to each of the examples, the readings from the first and second sensors 120 and 130 may be interpreted by additional logic/circuitry (such as that shown in FIG. 3) to determine a general direction (relative to the sensor 100) in which the user proximity is detected. An operation may be performed or an instruction for performing an operation may be provided by the additional circuitry in response to the direction determined from the readings from the directional capacitive proximity sensor 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates a first example of operation wherein a user touches or approaches (shown in FIG. 4A by dashed circle 415) the touch screen 410 of the phone 400. Since the touch 415 is located on the touch screen 410, and more particularly, because the touch 415 is located below the directional proximity sensor 100, the second sensor 130 records a greater reading than the first sensor 120. In accordance with the example illustrated in FIG. 4A, the additional circuitry of FIG. 3 may be provided in some embodiments to interpret the readings from the first and second sensors 120 and 130 to determine that the detected user proximity is located below the directional proximity sensor 100. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the additional circuitry may determine that the phone 400 is not raised to the user's head, and thus, no related actions, such as disabling the display, may be performed.

FIG. 4B illustrates a second example of operation wherein a user touches or approaches (shown in FIG. 4B by dashed circle 425) the front surface of the phone 400 at a location equidistant from the first and second sensors 120 and 130, causing the first and second sensors 120 and 130 to register substantially identical readings. In accordance with the example illustrated in FIG. 4B, the additional circuitry of FIG. 3 may be provided in some embodiments to interpret the readings from the first and second sensors 120 and 130 to determine that the detected user proximity is located between the top surface 402 of the phone 400 and the touch screen 410. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the additional circuitry may determine that the phone 400 is raised to the user's head, and thus, one or more related actions, such as disabling the display, may be performed.

FIG. 4C illustrates a third example of operation wherein a user touches or approaches (shown in FIG. 4C by dashed circle 435) the top surface 402 of the phone 400. Since the touch 435 is located on the top surface 402 of the phone 400, and more particularly, because the touch 435 is located above the directional proximity sensor 100, the first sensor 120 records a greater reading than the second sensor 130. In accordance with the example illustrated in FIG. 4C, the additional circuitry of FIG. 3 may be provided in some embodiments to interpret the readings from the first and second sensors 120 and 130 to determine that the detected user proximity is located above the directional proximity sensor 100. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the additional circuitry may determine that the phone 400 is not raised to the user's head, and thus, no related actions may be performed.

In some embodiments, the additional logic/circuitry (such as that shown in FIG. 3) may incorporate one or more sensor-reading threshold values for determining a given range of distance of the detected user proximity from a respective sensor. For example, a threshold value may be used to determine whether the detected user proximity is close enough to a respective sensor to warrant a first particular action, or far enough away from the sensor to warrant a second particular action. For example, in one embodiment, the threshold value may be set such that when the reading from the second sensor 130 indicates a stronger proximity detection than the reading from the first sensor 120, and also exceeds the first threshold value, the additional circuitry determines that the detected user proximity is located on the touch screen of the phone and, therefore, may not disable the display screen, but rather, may increase the brightness of the display screen. Conversely, if readings from the first or second sensors 120 or 130 indicate a proximity detection that does not exceed the threshold value, the additional circuitry determines that the detected user proximity may be ignored.

The various embodiments provided herein are intended to provide one or more examples for illustrating and/or describing the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor circuitry. As such, the disclosed directional capacitive proximity sensor circuitry is not limited to the devices, positions, locations, or orientations provided in the example embodiments. Additionally, the additional circuitry discussed herein is not limited to the operations, features, or functions disclosed herein, and may provide advantages other than those discussed herein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit for use with a mobile device, comprising: one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first capacitive sensor reading responsive to the sensed first capacitance and indicative of detection of a user proximate to the first capacitive sensor, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry includes a first capacitive sensor capacitively coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second capacitive sensor reading responsive to the sensed second capacitance and indicative of detection of the user proximate to the second capacitive sensor, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry includes a second capacitive sensor capacitively coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; and output circuitry configured to receive and compare the first and second capacitive sensor readings and produce an output signal to indicate detection of the user proximate to the mobile device in a location nearer the first capacitive sensor than the second capacitive sensor when the sensed first capacitance is different than the sensed second capacitance.
 2. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry further comprises a first switched integrator circuit operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the first capacitive sensor, and operable during a second phase to transfer the first capacitance to a first capacitor and generate the first capacitive sensor reading.
 3. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry further comprises a second switched integrator circuit operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the second capacitive sensor, and operable during a second phase to transfer the second capacitance to a second capacitor and generate the second capacitive sensor reading.
 4. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the output circuitry is further configured to produce the output signal to indicate detection of the user proximate to the mobile device in a location generally above the directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit when the sensed first capacitance is equal to the sensed second capacitance.
 5. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first capacitance is indicative of the proximity of the user with respect to the first capacitive sensor.
 6. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second capacitance is indicative of the proximity of the user with respect to the second capacitive sensor.
 7. A directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit comprising: one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed first capacitance, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry includes a first capacitive sensor coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; and second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed second capacitance, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry includes a second capacitive sensor coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes, wherein the one or more guard electrodes are controlled with a low impedance output to one or more voltages.
 8. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 7, wherein the one or more guard electrodes are coupled to a first voltage in a first phase, and are coupled to a second voltage in a second phase.
 9. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the one or more guard electrodes comprises a first guard electrode having the first capacitive sensor capacitively coupled to a first section of the first guard electrode, and the second capacitive sensor capacitively coupled to a second section of the first guard electrode adjacent the first section of the first guard electrode.
 10. A directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit comprising: one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed first capacitance, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry includes a first capacitive sensor coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; and second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed second capacitance, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry includes a second capacitive sensor coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes, wherein the one or more guard electrodes comprises a first guard electrode having the first capacitive sensor coupled to a first section of the first guard electrode, and a second guard electrode having the second capacitive sensor coupled to a second section of the second guard electrode, and wherein the first guard electrode is disposed in a device at a first location near a first component of the device, and the second guard electrode is disposed in the device at a second location adjacent the first location and near a second component of the device.
 11. A directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit comprising: one or more guard electrodes; first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed first capacitance, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry includes a first capacitive sensor coupled to a first section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes; and second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second capacitive sensor reading indicative of the sensed second capacitance, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry includes a second capacitive sensor coupled to a second section of at least one of the one or more guard electrodes, wherein the first section of the at least one of the one or more guard electrodes is disposed near a first component of a device and the second section of the at least one of the one or more guard electrodes is disposed adjacent the first section of the at least one of the one or more guard electrodes and near a second component of the device.
 12. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 11, wherein the device comprises a mobile phone, the first component comprises a top surface of the phone, and the second component comprises a display screen.
 13. A directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit for use with a mobile device, comprising: a guard electrode; a first sensor coupled to a first section of the guard electrode; a second sensor coupled to a second section of the guard electrode adjacent the first section of the guard electrode; first capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to the first sensor, the first capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense user proximity to the mobile device with respect to the first sensor and to produce a first capacitive sensor reading responsive to the sensed user proximity with respect to the first sensor and indicative of the user proximate to the first sensor; second capacitive sensor circuitry coupled to the second sensor, the second capacitive sensor circuitry operable to sense user proximity to the mobile device with respect to the second sensor and to produce a second capacitive sensor reading responsive to the sensed user proximity with respect to the second sensor and indicative of the user proximate to the second sensor; and output circuitry operable to receive and compare the first and second capacitive sensor readings and produce an output signal to indicate detection of the user proximate to the mobile device in a location nearer the first sensor than the second sensor when the first capacitive sensor reading is different than the second capacitive sensor reading.
 14. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the output circuitry is further configured to produce the output signal to indicate detection of the user proximate to the mobile device in a location generally above the directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit when the first capacitive sensor reading is equal to the second capacitive sensor reading.
 15. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the first capacitive sensor circuitry comprises a first switched integrator circuit operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the first sensor, and operable during a second phase to transfer a first capacitance sensed between the user and the first sensor to a first capacitor and generate the first capacitive sensor reading.
 16. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the second capacitive sensor circuitry comprises a second switched integrator circuit operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the second sensor, and operable during a second phase to transfer a second capacitance sensed between the user and the second sensor to a second capacitor and generate the second capacitive sensor reading.
 17. An integrated circuit operable to detect a general direction of user proximity with respect to the integrated circuit, the integrated circuit comprising: a first switched capacitive integrator circuit including a first sensor plate, the first switched capacitive integrator circuit operable to sense a first capacitance and produce a first output signal in response to the sensed first capacitance; a second switched capacitive integrator circuit including a second sensor plate located adjacent the first sensor plate, the second switched capacitive integrator circuit operable to sense a second capacitance and produce a second output signal in response to the sensed second capacitance; one or more capacitive plates, wherein at least one of the one or more capacitive plates has a first section coupled to the first sensor plate, and at least one of the one or more capacitive plates has a second section coupled to the second sensor plate; and output circuitry operable to receive the first output signal and second output signal, and to produce a third output signal operable to indicate detection of the user proximity with respect to at least one of the first sensor plate or the second sensor plate.
 18. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the first switched capacitive integrator circuit is operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the first sensor plate, and operable during a second phase to transfer the first capacitance to a first capacitor and generate the first output signal.
 19. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the second switched capacitive integrator circuit is operable during a first phase to apply a voltage to the second sensor plate, and operable during a second phase to transfer the second capacitance to a second capacitor and generate the second output signal.
 20. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the one or more capacitive plates comprises a first capacitive plate having the first sensor plate coupled to a first section of the first capacitive plate, and the second sensor plate coupled to a second section of the first capacitive plate.
 21. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the one or more capacitive plates comprises a first capacitive plate having the first sensor plate coupled to a first section of the first capacitive plate, and a second capacitive plate having the second sensor plate coupled to a second section of the second capacitive plate.
 22. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the third output signal indicates detection of the user proximity in a location nearer the first sensor plate than the second sensor plate when the user proximity indicated by the first output signal is different than the user proximity indicated by the second output signal.
 23. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the third output signal indicates detection of user proximity in a location generally above the integrated circuit when the user proximity indicated by the first output signal is equal to the user proximity indicated by the second output signal.
 24. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the mobile device comprises a display screen, wherein the display screen is configured to be deactivated when the output signal indicates detection of the user proximate to a location generally above the directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit.
 25. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the mobile device comprises a display screen, wherein the display screen is configured to be deactivated when the output signal indicates detection of the user proximate to the mobile device in the location generally above the directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit.
 26. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the first sensor comprises a first sensor plate capacitively coupled to the first section of the guard electrode, and the second sensor comprises a second sensor plate capacitively coupled to the second section of the guard electrode.
 27. The directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit as set forth in claim 13, wherein the guard electrode is coupled to a first voltage during a first phase, and is coupled to a second voltage during a second phase.
 28. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the mobile device comprises a display screen, wherein the display screen is configured to be deactivated when the output signal indicates detection of the user proximity in the location generally above the directional capacitive proximity sensing circuit.
 29. The integrated circuit as set forth in claim 17, wherein the one or more capacitive plates are coupled to a first voltage during a first phase, and are coupled to a second voltage during a second phase. 